Security Operations Against Criminal Gangs in Congo

Since early October, Congo’s presidential protection force has initiated an operation targeting criminal gangs known as ‘bebe noir’ or black babies. These groups, composed of machete-wielding youths, have been involved in criminal activities in the country’s major cities for several years, including attacks and robberies on businesses and homes.

Local residents have expressed support for the initiative, citing concerns about safety. A resident of Pointe-Noire commented on the general fear among the population, while a vendor noted the need to close shops earlier than planned to avoid theft or violence.

Despite backing from some quarters, the methods employed in the crackdown have drawn criticism. Human rights activists have raised concerns following the circulation of images depicting summary executions on social media. They emphasize adherence to legal frameworks and the need for offenders to be processed through appropriate judicial channels.

The gangs, consisting mainly of individuals aged 13 to 30, have been labeled as terrorists by a prosecutor in Brazzaville, the capital. Contributing factors to the rise in violent crime include high unemployment and insufficient social protection in Congo, which is a significant oil producer.

Although the death penalty was abolished in Congo in 2015, recent extrajudicial killings are causing renewed fear and concern. This occurs as a youth re-integration center is set to open in the Bouenza region, approximately 200 km from Brazzaville.