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New RMPocalypse Attack Let Hackers Break AMD SEV-SNP To Exfiltrate Confidential Data

## Cybersecurity: RMPocalypse Vulnerability in AMD SEV-SNP

EBy Eleanor TateOct 13, 20252 min read

Cybersecurity: RMPocalypse Vulnerability in AMD SEV-SNP

A significant vulnerability has been identified in AMD's Secure Encrypted Virtualization with Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP). This feature is a key component of confidential computing used by cloud providers such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud.

The vulnerability, known as RMPocalypse, exploits a flaw in the initialization process of the Reverse Map Table (RMP), which ensures memory integrity by preventing hypervisor interference with encrypted virtual machines (VMs).

This issue, documented in a paper presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) 2025 in Taipei, allows malicious hypervisors to manipulate RMP entries, compromising SEV-SNP's assurances of data confidentiality and integrity.

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-0033, arises from a critical issue during RMP setup. The Platform Security Processor (PSP) does not fully protect the RMP from interference during bootstrapping.

The problem was reported to AMD on February 3, 2025, and it affects processors from the Zen 3, Zen 4, and Zen 5 families, including EPYC server chips.

A significant vulnerability has been identified in AMD's Secure Encrypted Virtualization with Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP).
Eleanor Tate · Thehackingpost

The RMP is a large data structure, up to 16GB for extensive DRAM configurations, responsible for mapping host physical addresses to guest virtual addresses and preventing attacks such as page swapping. During initialization, the RMP lacks self-protection, as it must be set up before it can enforce memory integrity.

The PSP, which is an ARM-based coprocessor, is responsible for establishing various protections during this phase. However, researchers discovered that these protections are not fully effective, allowing x86 cores to write to RMP memory before protection is complete.

The vulnerability enables several exploits, including forging attestation reports, enabling debug mode on confidential VMs, and arbitrary code injection, which significantly undermines SEV-SNP's security against untrusted hypervisors.

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AMD is aware of the flaw and is working on developing patches for affected hardware. Researchers have suggested potential mitigations, such as aligning barriers at the core level and implementing global cache or TLB flushes post-RMP setup.

As confidential computing continues to expand, the RMPocalypse vulnerability emphasizes the need for ongoing scrutiny and potential reevaluation of hardware-based security mechanisms.

Based on reporting by Cyber Security News.

AI transparency. This article was produced with the assistance of artificial intelligence and published under human editorial oversight. AI systems can make mistakes. Read how we use AI (EU AI Act, Art. 50).
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