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O2 VoLTE Flaw Allows Tracking of Customers’ Locations Through Phone Calls

A privacy vulnerability in O2 UK's Voice over LTE (VoLTE) implementation was identified, which allowed callers to access the precise location data of call recipients.

KBy Katherine DoyleMay 20, 20251 min read

A privacy vulnerability in O2 UK's Voice over LTE (VoLTE) implementation was identified, which allowed callers to access the precise location data of call recipients.

The security flaw involved the exposure of sensitive information through IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) signaling messages. O2 confirmed the issue was resolved on Mon, May 19, 2025, after being notified by a security researcher.

Initially discovered in March 2025, the vulnerability exposed customer data during cellular communications, as confirmed by O2. The issue was detailed in a public report .

During calls using O2's "4G Calling" service, IMS signaling messages included detailed technical information, such as IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) numbers of both the caller and recipient. Additionally, "Cellular-Network-Info" headers contained cell tower identification data, including the recipient's network PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), Location Area Code (LAC), and specific Cell ID.

The security flaw involved the exposure of sensitive information through IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) signaling messages.
Katherine Doyle · Thehackingpost

This information revealed the approximate geographical location of call recipients with greater accuracy in urban areas.

Technical Exploitation Required Minimal Expertise

The exploitation of this vulnerability required minimal technical expertise. A researcher used a rooted Google Pixel 8 smartphone with the Network Signal Guru (NSG) application to view raw IMS signaling messages during calls. By cross-referencing the exposed Cell IDs with publicly available data, an attacker could determine the recipient's location.

The vulnerability affected all O2 customers using VoLTE, even when roaming internationally. Disabling 4G Calling did not prevent exposure, as headers were still revealed through O2's network.

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The security researcher attempted to disclose the vulnerability to O2 in late March 2025 but initially received no response. Following public disclosure, O2 confirmed the issue was resolved on May 19, 2025. The fix likely involved removing the problematic headers from IMS/SIP messages.

This incident highlights the importance of thorough security audits in telecommunications to prevent privacy risks from technical implementations.

Based on reporting by GBHackers.

AI transparency. This article was produced with the assistance of artificial intelligence and published under human editorial oversight. AI systems can make mistakes. Read how we use AI (EU AI Act, Art. 50).
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