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ZYXEL Authorization Bypass Vulnerability Let Attackers View and Download System Configuration

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9133 has been discovered in Zyxel's ATP and USG series firewalls. This issue allows unauthorized access to sensitive system configurations by bypassing authorization controls, even during the two-factor…

TBy Thomas BlakeOct 21, 20252 min read

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9133 has been discovered in Zyxel's ATP and USG series firewalls. This issue allows unauthorized access to sensitive system configurations by bypassing authorization controls, even during the two-factor authentication (2FA) process. Devices running firmware versions up to V5.40(ABPS.0) are affected.

Disclosed on Mon, Aug 14, 2025, the vulnerability results from inadequate command filtering in the device's web interface. This flaw potentially exposes credentials, keys, and network settings to remote exploitation. When a user with 2FA enabled logs into the device’s web portal, semi-authenticated requests are sent to the backend zysh-cgi binary before verification, which handles configuration queries.

The vulnerability was discovered by Alessandro Sgreccia alongside CVE-2025-8078, revealing that attackers can manipulate these requests to inject commands, thus evading the whitelist that restricts access for unverified users.

The vulnerability can be exploited using tools like Burp Suite to intercept POST requests to /cgi-bin/zysh-cgi. These requests contain commands such as "show version" or "show users current," which are whitelisted for partial authentication states. By appending unauthorized commands with a semicolon, for example, "show version;show running-config," the system is tricked into executing the entire command chain.

A critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9133 has been discovered in Zyxel's ATP and USG series firewalls.
Thomas Blake · Thehackingpost

The zysh-cgi binary performs prefix-based validation, only checking the start of the command string against the allowlist. This flaw enables attackers to harvest passwords, API keys, and routing details, potentially facilitating lateral network movement or persistence through configuration tampering.

Zyxel devices, widely used in enterprise and SMB environments for threat protection, are at risk due to this vulnerability. As of October 2025, Zyxel has not released a patch. It is recommended to disable remote web access, enforce strict firewall rules on CGI endpoints, and monitor for anomalous zysh-cgi traffic.

For remediation, it is suggested to tokenize commands, validate each sub-command individually, and reject command chaining entirely. Adding CSRF tokens and implementing rate-limiting measures could further enhance security.

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This incident highlights the risks of incomplete input sanitization in embedded systems. Organizations utilizing Zyxel ATP/USG should conduct configuration audits promptly to prevent data leaks.

Based on reporting by Cyber Security News.

AI transparency. This article was produced with the assistance of artificial intelligence and published under human editorial oversight. AI systems can make mistakes. Read how we use AI (EU AI Act, Art. 50).
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